uu ys;=fõ kE fï ;rï úYd, msßila
meñfKhs lsh,d
- ckdêm;s ffu;%Smd, isßfiak
^PdhdrEm&
t<efUk m<d;a md,k ue;sjrKfha§ Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh w; ,l=‚ka ish¨u wfmalaIlhka ;r. jÈk nj ckdêm;s ffu;%Smd, isßfiak uy;d wjOdrKh lf<ah' ckdêm;sjrhd tf,i i|yka lf<a Bfha Èk l=reKE., ud<s.dmsáfha meje;s
65 jk Y%S,ksm iuq¿jg tlafjñks'
tys§ ck;dj weu;+ ckdêm;s ffu;%Smd, isßfiak uy;d mjid isáfha fufiah"
Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIfha 65 jeks ixj;air Wf<, wo' wo oji ms<sn|j uu ys;kjd fï rfÜ lsishï n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjQ wdldrfha we;a;u lshkjd kï uu;a ys;=fõ kE fï ;rï úYd, ckldhla wo we;=.,a mqrhg meñfKhs lsh,d' fï l%Svdx.Kh ;=< isák ck;djg jvd jeä ck;djla tkak nerej t<sfha fmdrlld bkak nj fmd,sish jd¾;d l<d' fï Yla;sh ldf.o@ fï n,h ldf.o fï cjh ldf.o fï Yla;sh Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIfha Yla;sh' fï n,h Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIfha n,h' fï cjh Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIfha cjh' fuhg wNsfhda. lrkak fï rfÜ lsisÿ foaYmd,k n,fõ.hlg fyda m%;sjd§ n,fõ.hlg fkdyelshs' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIhg lS¾;su;a b;sydihla ;sfnkjd' ta b;sydifha fYaIaG l;djla ;sfnkjd' ta fYaIaG l;dfõ riuqiq ;eka fukau ie,lsh hq;= ;eka fukau rij;a ;eka fukau ÿlauqiq ;ek iy ÿla.eyeg iy wNsfhda.d;aul l;d rdYshla ;sfnkjd' nKavdrkdhl ue;s;=ud wehs Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh yeÿfõ' iuyr wh lshkjd nKavdrkdhl uy;d tcdmh lvdf.k Y%S,ksmh yeÿjd lsh,d'
uu lshj,d ;sfnk fmd;mf;a yeáhg t;rï talg tlÕ kE' nKavdrkdhl uy;d isxy, uy iNdfõ fldgila wrf.k ta hq.hg wjYH rfÜ igka mdG w;g .;a; msßila ysáhd' isxy, uy iNdj tlal hq.fha igka mdG w;g .;af;a ljqo' ì%;dkH md,khg hg;afj,d ysgmq wms 1505"- -1948 fjkl,a úfoaYslhkag hg;a fj,d ysgmq wms 48 ksoyfika miafia fï ck;dj woyia flrejd rfÜ iajdëk;ajh wfmau rgla wfmau ixialD;shla we;s wdKavqjl wjYH;dj' ksoyia wr.,h ì%;dkH md,khg úreoaOj f.ksyska th ch.%yKh lf<a ta hq.fha isá isxy," oñ< uqia,sï kdhlhka' 52 iema 2jeksod Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh ìyslrk úg nKavdrkdhl ue;s;=ud ue;sjrK flduidßiajrhdf.a kS;sj,g wkqj iuf,alïjre ;sfofkla m;al<d' ud;f,a n¾kdÙ w¨úydf¾' .ïfmd<ska nÈhq§ka' hdmkfhka ;x.fodfrhs Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIhg wdKavqjla yokak ta hq.fha ixisoaê .Kkdjla ;snqKd' .fï yduqÿrefjda' *elagßfha lïlrejd .fï fjouy;a;hd tod ysgmq wfma idys;HOrhka" W.;=ka ud¾áka úl%uisxy jeks úYdrohka ta ish,a, iu. foaYmd,k n,fõ.hlg jvd nKavdrkdhl ue;s;=udg mq¿jka jqfKa idys;H n,fõ.hla iu. ta y~ k.kak' m<uq ue;sjrKfha 1952 wdik 9hs' 59 wdKavqjla yeÿjd' ,xldfõ foaYmd,k kdhlfhla mlaIhla yo,d wvqu ld,hlska wdKavqjla yeÿfõ nKavdrkdhl uy;d' md¾,sfïka;=fõ mqgqj w;.d,d lsõjd fï wfma ue;sweue;sjrekaf.a mqgqj lsh,d' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh iajfoaYsl;ajh uq,alr.;a Y%S ,dxlsl;ajh uq,a lr.;a wfma ixialD;sh" YsIagdpdrh uq,alr.;a wfma foaYmd,k mlaIh' 56 wdKavqj rgg wjYH fjkialï rdYshla l<d' fï rfÜ n,hg m;afjÉp kdhlhkaf.ka uu yeuod lshkjd nKavdrkdhl uy;d ;rï udkisl jOfõokdjkag ,lajqKq kdhlfhla ;j;a kE' leìkÜ uKav,fha wdrjq,a wd§ nrm;< w¾nqo mekke.=Kd' w¾nqo fldf;la wdj;a msgfldkaola we;s kdhlfhla úÈhg wjqreÿ ;=kyudf¾ wdKavqj msysfgõjd' fï rfÜ foaYmd,k{fhda bkakjd §¾> ld,hla n,fha isá wh' kuq;a yeuflkdf.u yojf;a fï rfÜ mqxÑ ñksiaiqkaf.a wo;a Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh oÕ,kafka k<shkafka y~k.kafka nKavdrkdhl uy;d lrmq fjkialï' fï mlaIh mú;%" ks¾u," rg lrúh hq;= mlaIhla' fï mlaIh ksoyfika miq jeäu ld,hla md,kfha fhÈ,d bkafka Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIhs' Y%S,ksmh iudc m%cd;ka;%jdoh uq,alr.;a mlaIhla'
iudc m%cd;ka;%jdoh hkq fmdÿ ck;d iqnidOkh" fmdÿ ck fufyjr" l=vd ñksiqka fjkqfjka fmkS isàu" ksoyi ;yjqre lsÍu" ienE f,i mqxÑ ñksydf.a whs;sh fjkqfjka fmkS isàu' uyd wd¾Ól l;djla uu jpk lsysmhlska lsõfõ' tfyu kï fï mlaIh wms Yla;su;a l< hq;=hs' wog .e<fmkak ilia l< hq;=hs' isßudfjda nKavdrkdhl ue;sksh fï mlaIhg kdhl;ajh §,d ta hq.h ;=< l< hq;= fufyjrla l<d'
mlaI kdhlhd wuq wuqfõ urd oeïud' nKavdrkdhl ue;sksh foaYmd,kfhka bj;a lrkak yeÿjd' ;=kajeks kdhsldj pkaÈ%ld hqoaOhg uyskao rdcmlaI uy;a;hd weú;a hqo ch.%yKh lr,d wms ish¨ fokd tl;=fj,d ch.%yKh l<d' uu mlaIh Ndr.;a;d' uu mlaIh Ndr.;af;a ug lrmq wdrdOkh;a tlal' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh úÈhg uu wdKavqfjka t<shg .syska fmdÿ wfmalaIlhd úÈyg tod w;aika lf<;a uu uyf,alï úÈhghs' ud;a tlal .súiqula w;aika lf<a kE Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIfhka bj;a úh hq;=hs lsh,d' tal uf.a udkj ysñlula" uQ,sl whs;sjdislula ug lsisÿ ndOdjla talg we;sjqfKa kE'
ckdêm;sjrKfhka miq Èjqreï §,d mlaI iNdm;slu Ndr.kak lsõju uu mqÿu jqKd' kuq;a uu bms,S .sh m%S;sfhka uyd wNsudkhlska mlaIh Ndr.;af;a h<s fï rfÜ Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaI wdKavqjla ye§u i|ydhs' tcdmh m%uqL foaYmd,k mlaI .Kkdjla udj ch.%yKh l<du wms fmdÿ tlÕ;d m%ldYhlska rgg lsõjd' tafl lsõjd rg f.dv.kak ´k" nrm;< m%Yak .Kkdjla ;sfhkjd' ish¨ fokd tl;=fj,d wdKavqjla youq lsõjd' talg ;uhs ug ch ,enqfKa' uyd ue;sjrKfhka wdKavqjla ye§fï ;ks whs;shla ,enqfKa kE 125lg jvd ,ndf.k' rg wúpdrj;a fkdúh hq;=hs rfÜ ck;djg ud j.lsj hq;=hs' ta ksid ish¨ fokdu tl;= fj,d wdKavqjla yeÿjd' wo úfõpk ;sfhkjd' c.;a ixúOdk uyf,alï óg l,ska wdfõ hqoaOh wjika jQ jyduhs' wms ksid f,dalh fnÿKd' wms ksid c.;a ixúOdkh fome;a;lg fnÿKd' tu ixúOdkh iy udkj ysñlï fldñIka iNdj mj;ajk Pkao .Kkdjlska wfma rg merÿKd' ta iuÕu cd;Hka;rfhka wmsg fhdackd iy fpdaokd ud,djla t,a, l<d' WU,d hqoaOh Èkqjd udkj ysñlï lvl<d lsõjd' wms rgla rdcHhla úÈhg fmkS isáh hq;=hs' th rg fjkqfjka ck;dj yd hqo kdúl .=jka rKúrejka fjkqfjka fmkS isáh hq;a;la' wms ta bÈßm;a l< fhdackdj,g wksjd¾hfhka uqyqKÈh hq;= jqKd'
kuq;a ckdêm;sjrK m%;sM, iuÕ ta fhdackd tlme;a;lska wfkla me;a;lska rgg wjYH m%cd;ka;%jdoh" ksoyi ìhla iella ke;=j i;=áka bkak mq¿jka rgla yokak wjYH jqKd' 30" 40" 50" 60 oYlfha isg lE.eiQ jßka jr l,flda,dy, we;sjQ isxy, oñ< ck;djf.a y~ wr., njg m;ajqKd'
wjidkfha uyd hqo fÄojdplhla we;sjqKd' wmsg hqoaOhlg uqyqKfokak jqKd' wjidkfha m%Yak ud,djla wdjd' fï m%Yak ud,dfjka rg fírd.; hq;= jqKd' 2014 ckdêm;sjrKhla i|yd iQodkï jkúg uu uyskao rdcmlaI uy;dg uf.a w;ska ,sh,d ÿkakd ckdêm;s Pkaohla ;shkak tmd lsh,d' ñ;%jreks" ug mlaIh mrdch lrkak uu tfia ,shqula ,súh hq;= o Tfnka wykjd' uu mlaIfha m%OdkSkaf.a w;g msgm; .dfKa ÿkakd' wdKavqfõ md¾,sfïka;= lKavdhï lsõjd Pkafolg hkak nE lsh,d' kuq;a wfma y~ weyqfõ kE'
ue;sjrKhlg .shd' ta meje;ajQ ckdêm;sjrKfha§ Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaI ch uyf,alïf.a w;g .;a; tl jerÈo@ wms ixys¢hdj l;dlrkfldg th isxy, fou< uqia,sï cd;Ska w;r ixys¢hdj muKla fkdfõ' foaYmd,k mlaI w;r;a ixys¢hdjla ;sìh hq;=hs' wmsg iajfoaYsl;ajh mokï lrf.k ta ish,a,;a tlal Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh f.dvke.Su wjYHhs' tys§ wfma o¾Ykh lsisf,ilska fjkia fkdúh hq;=hs' iudc m%cd;ka;%jdoh .ek lshk fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólfha§ úisfjkafka mqxÑ ñksid lshk tl wu;l lrkak nE' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh úÈhg' jevfmdf<a lïlre" f.dúhd" mSä;hd" ÿmam;d ish,a,ka fjkqfjka fmkS isák foaYmd,k n,fõ.hla ;sìh hq;=hs' udkj ysñlï uQ,sl whs;sjdislï ;sìh hq;af;a Okm;s mka;shg muKla fkdfõ' ish¨ fokdghs' wdKavq l%u jHjia:dj ;=< ta n,h ;sìh hq;=hs' wms ta l%uhg hd hq;=hs' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh kj cjhlska" jevms<sfj<lska" ie,eiaulska hd hq;= wjYH;dj we;sfj,d ;sfnkjd' fï 65 ixj;airfha§ fï ck .x.djg uu lshkjd mlaI kdhlhkag lshkjd wkd.;fha Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaI wdKavqjla msysgqùfï m<uq fjäuqrhhs fï ;sífí' wmsg ,nk wjqreoafoa uq,aNd.h jkúg m<d;a md,k ue;sjrKh tkjd' Èjhsfka ish¨ m<d;a md,k ue;sjrKj,g wms ;r. lrkafka w; ,l=‚ka' ta m<d;a md,k ue;sjrKh Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh yd wksla ifydaor mlaI ish,a,gu wdrdOkd lrkjd ta ue;sjrKh ch.kak Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh yd tlajkak lsh,d' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIfhka md¾,sfïka;=jg .syska úmlaIfha uka;%Sjreka úÈhg isáh hq;=hs lshk uka;%Sjrekag uu bvÿkakd' uu ldre‚lj b,a,kjd w¨;a foaYmd,k n,fõ.hlg fkdhd Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh iuÕ bkak lsh,d uu b,a,kjd' fï mlaIh ks¾u, úh hq;=hs' uyfmdf<dfõ wäh .y,d hkak ´k'
fï mlaIh ksfhdackh lrkafka fmdä ñksiaiq lshk tl yeufjf,au f;areï.kak ´fka' wms fldÉpr merÈ,d ;sfhkjdo' .sh wjqreoafoa ú;rhs' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh 60 ud¾;=fõ§ merÿKd' 65 § merÿKd' 77§ merÿKd' 82 ckdêm;sjrfKka merÿKd' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh 89 merÿKd' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh 2001 uyue;sjrKfhka merÿKd' ch l;dlrkj jdf.au merÿu;a l;d l< hq;=hs' mlaIhla yd mlaI kdhlhka fkdl< hq;= foa wm fkdl< hq;=hs' ch.%yKhg fya;=jk foa l< hq;=hs' wfmalu" foaYSh;ajh fï ish,a, fjkqfjka fmkS isákafka Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIhs' iuyr wh ug t<smsg .ykjd' iuyr wh ryfia .ykjd' újD;j .ykjd' iuyr wNHka;rj .ykjd' ux ta yeuflkl=f.kau wykjd wehs ug .ykafka' ux mqxÑ ñksfyla ksido' fï rfÜ ckdêm;s Oqrhg m;ajQ miayh fokdf.ka me,amf;ka wd flfkla ksido' ug .ykafka' uf.a ;d;a;d ÿmam;a f.dúfhla ksido uf.a ;d;a;d rKúrefjla ksido uf.a ;d;a;df.a wlalr 5ka hems,d md¾,sfïka;=jg wdmq ÿmam;a mqxÑ ñksfyla ksido ug .ykafka' nKavdrkdhl uy;a;hd lsõfõ 56 wdKavqj lshkafka nuqKql=f,a wdKavqj ì|oeóu lsh,d'
wo fï rfÜ rdcH fiajfha rdcH ;dka;%slj foaYmd,k{hka ìysjqfKa nKavdrkdhl uy;dg msxisoaOfjkak' isxyf,ka Wmdêh ,shkak bvÿkafka nKavdrkdhl uy;a;hd' Tyq nKavdrkdhl-fp,ajkdh.ï .súiqu lrkak .shd ÿkafka kE' wjidkfha wms hqoaOhlg meg¨Kd' bka§h yuqodj fuys wdjd' 13 jHjia:dj wdjd' uq,ska l< hq;= foa wms uq,ska l<d kï .eg¨ f.dvla fjkafka kE' iuyre Wiq¿ úiq¿ lrkjd' ngysr f*vr,a ixys¢hdj lshkjd' fij, nKavd rg lvkjd lsõjd' fï b;sydih wOHhkh lrkak' b;sydih lshjkak' O¾umd,;=ud tod lsõfõ isxy,hsks ke.sáhõ lsh,d' uu ckdêm;sjrhd jf.au ck;djf.a fiajlhd úÈhg rggu lshkjd ,dxlslhsks" ke.sáõ lsh,d' Th iuyr wh lshk úÈhg fï rg lsisÿ úfoaY n,fõ.hlg hg;a lrkak uu bvfokafka keye' lsisÿ úfoaY ;¾ckhla kE' wdfjd;a uu T¿j md;a lrkafk;a kE' rg fjkqfjka fmkS bkakjd' wmsg wjYH iu.s rgla' ish¨ cd;Ska w;aje,a ne|.;a rgla' ta rg yokak wms ish¨ fokd tlaúh hq;=hs' ta ksid 65 jeks ixj;airfha§ wfma udj; wNsfhda.d;aulhs' úYsIaGhs' lgqlhs' nrm;< w;aoelSï iys;hs' jeá jeá ke.sákjd' fldf;la jegqK;a ke.sák mlaIh Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIhhs'
fï rg ck;dj ish,a,;a tlal wms hk iïuq;sjd§ wdKavqj ;=< fldaá 9 ,laIhl Khnßka ñfokak wms tl;= úh hq;=hs' fï Kh nr w;ayßkako lshkafka' ta m%Yakfhka ñfokak ´fka' tl tl mka;shlg Ndr§,d nE' ta Khnßka wms ksoyia úh hq;=hs' wmsg weú;a ;sfhk fhdackd wms n,hg m;aùu;a iuÕu tys ;snQ ir, jQjd' úfõpkh m%Yak úi£u fkdfõ' h:d¾:h f;areï wrka fï rfÜ orejkag mskanr ,iaik rgla yokak ish¨ ckfldgia ish¨ foaYmd,k mlaI iuÕ j.lSfuka bÈßhg hd hq;=hs' wms wog wjYH foa wo l< hq;=hs' frda.fhl=g wo wjYH fnfy;a fyg §,d jevla kE' cd;Hka;rfha fodaIdfrdamKh wj,do ta ish,af,ka fï rg ksoyia lrf.k yudrhs' c.;a uyf,alï iuÕ uu l< idlÉPdfõ§ Tyq lsõfõ yÈis fjkafk ke;=j ug ld,h fokak fï m%Yakh úi|kak lsh,d' Kh nrla ;sfnkjd' blau‚ka úi÷ï fokak ug nE' uf.a ck;dj fï rfÜ iajdëk;ajh /lf.k fï rg f.dvk.kak ug ld,h fokak b,a,Su l<du Tyq iskduqiq uqyq‚ka lsõjd Tn Tfí jevms<sfj< lrkak lsh,d' wms uyd nrla wvq lr.;a;d' wmsg ;sfnk wNsfhda. f;areï wrf.k wdKavqjla úÈhg jf.au Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh f,i wfma j.lSï bgqlrkjd' mlaIh uyfmdf<dfõ wäh .y,d hk ñksiqkaf.a mlaIhla lrkjd' ¥IKfhka f;dr mlaIhla lrkjd' fmdäñksydf.a mlaIhla lrkjd' talg wms ish¨ fokdu tlafjuq'
,xldfõ i;r È.aNd.fhka úfYaIfhka W;=re kef.kysßka wdorŒh ck;dj ish¨ ckfldgia ish¨ fokdgu uf.a f.!rj ia;+;sh" Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaI wdKavqjla wkd.;fha iE§ug wms ifydaor;ajfhka ñ;%YS,Sj tlg huq' ud;DN+ñhg chfõjd' ish¨fokdgu chfõjd'
